Thistle Seed 101: Which Birds Love It & How to Use It Properly

Winter in the Upper Valley can be harsh—snow, ice, and freezing temperatures make January a challenge for backyard birds. But one tiny seed can make a big difference: thistle seed (aka nyjer). These little seeds attract some of our favorite winter visitors, bringing life and color to even the coldest days.

What Is Thistle Seed?

Thistle seed comes from plants in the thistle family and is extremely tiny—about the size of a pinhead. Its high oil content makes it an energy-packed treat for birds during cold winter months. Unlike other seeds, thistle is soft and easy for small birds like finches to eat, making it perfect for tiny beaks. While it’s sold commercially as nyjer seed, it’s sometimes called “thistle” because it comes from certain types of thistle plants.

Which Birds Love Thistle Seed?

Thistle seed is especially popular with small, energetic birds that thrive in winter, including:

• American Goldfinches – cheerful, bright, and always hungry in the snow.

• Pine Siskins – tiny, streaky, and quick feeders that flit constantly.

• Redpolls – hardy little travelers who sometimes visit from further north.

These birds are built for the cold, and a well-stocked feeder keeps them coming back even during January storms.

How to Serve Thistle Seed Properly

Feeder type: Tube feeders or mesh sock-style feeders work best. The seeds are very small and will slip through standard feeders. Shop Thistle Feeders

Height & placement:

• Hang feeders 5–6 feet off the ground. This keeps birds safe from neighborhood cats while still making it easy to refill.

• Place feeders near natural cover—shrubs, evergreens, or trees—so birds can dart to shelter from harsh wind or predators.

• Avoid areas prone to heavy snow accumulation that could block access or tip the feeder.

Maintenance tips:

• Refill often: Birds burn a lot of energy staying warm, so small, frequent refills work best.

• Keep seeds dry: Moisture causes clumping and mold. Using feeders with drainage holes and checking after snow or ice helps keep seeds fresh.

• Add water: Heated bird baths or shallow dishes with fresh water are essential in freezing conditions.

• Mix wisely: Thistle pairs well with black oil sunflower seeds or suet to attract a variety of birds.

Extra Upper Valley Winter Tips

• Brush off heavy snow from feeder perches to make landing easier.

• Consider multiple feeders spaced apart—this reduces competition and gives shy birds a safe spot.

• Observe from indoors! January light is limited, so a cozy spot by a window lets you enjoy the action without disturbing them.

Even in the coldest Vermont and New Hampshire winters, a well-placed thistle feeder creates a lively winter bird café. Watching these tiny, resilient birds flit and feast is a simple way to brighten gray, snowy days—and it gives them a fighting chance through the toughest months.

Stop by WLFS for top-quality thistle seed and all the tips you need to make your backyard a winter haven for birds.